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عمومی::
رهبری تحول گرا و کاریزماتیک
Charismatic-transformational leadership
The problems with charismatic-transformational leadership research that lead to this conclusion are well documented.
First, the only available definitions of charismatic-transformational leadership include the leadership effectiveness outcomes it is proposed to predict.
That is, charismatic-transformational leadership is effective by definition, rendering the study of its relationship to leadership effectiveness conceptually meaningless.
Second, models of charismatic-transformational leadership are multidimensional but fail to specify what the different dimensions have in common that together makes them charismatic- transformational and what differentiates these dimensions from other aspects of leadership that are seen as not charismatic-transformational.
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